High-pressure cleaners are among the most effective tools for cleaning surfaces in industry, trades, and private use. However, great power comes with great risks: accidents caused by water jets, electric shocks, or chemical cleaning agents can have serious consequences. Therefore, the safe handling of high-pressure cleaners is crucial – from technology and personal protection to maintenance and instruction.
Electrically operated high-pressure cleaners must always be used with an RCD (residual current device). This automatically disconnects the power supply in case of a fault current, significantly reducing the risk of electric shock. This safety feature is essential, especially for outdoor or wet-environment work.
The hoses used must be suitable for the operating pressure and the type of liquid used. Damaged, kinked, or twisted hoses pose a risk of bursting or loss of control. A visual inspection before each use is therefore mandatory.
Spray guns generate recoil forces during operation that must be safely controlled by the operator. These forces must not exceed legally defined limits to prevent the lance from whipping uncontrollably or causing muscle injuries. Ergonomic design can help reduce strain.
Modern high-pressure cleaners are equipped with safety features such as pressure relief valves, emergency stop switches, and temperature limiters. These prevent system overloads and allow quick shutdown in an emergency – essential for safe operation.
The water jet from a high-pressure cleaner can hit the surface with over 200 bar – enough to injure skin, muscles, or even bone. The jet can be dangerous even through clothing. Direct contact with the body must therefore be strictly avoided.
When the nozzle is activated, a recoil force occurs, which can lead to loss of control if handled improperly. The jet can also have a cutting effect under certain conditions, for example with concentrated point jets. Sensitive materials should therefore only be cleaned with reduced pressure.
Improper electrical connection can lead to electrical hazards. Cleaning agents also pose health risks – particularly in the form of vapors that can irritate the respiratory tract or skin. Contact with hot liquids or steaming surfaces can also cause burns.
Many high-pressure cleaners exceed sound levels of 85 dB. Without hearing protection, this can lead to permanent hearing damage – especially during long periods of operation in enclosed spaces. The noise is also a considerable strain for bystanders.
Before each use, all components must be thoroughly inspected. The workspace must be free of tripping hazards and well-lit. Only then can the device be operated safely.
The operator must maintain a stable stance to withstand recoil. They should never stand on wet or slippery surfaces. The water jet must never be directed at people or animals.
A safe distance from other people and sensitive objects is mandatory. The jet should always be guided in a controlled and targeted manner – ideally at an angle that prevents rebound.
After use, the device must be completely depressurized and disconnected from the power supply. This prevents accidental activation and extends the lifespan of the equipment.
Only persons aged 16 and older may operate high-pressure cleaners – and only if they have been properly instructed. Instruction must cover all relevant risks, equipment features, and behavioral rules.
Operators should be aware of the specific hazards of high-pressure cleaning – including technical, chemical, and thermal risks. They must also be familiar with occupational safety regulations.
High-pressure cleaners and accessories must be regularly inspected by a qualified person. This includes checking hose condition, safety valves, nozzles, and seals for proper function. Only regular inspections can ensure long-term operational safety.
In containers or confined spaces such as tanks or silos, special safety rules apply. A specific risk assessment must be carried out – including additional ventilation, rescue plans, and, if necessary, respiratory protection.
All national and European occupational safety regulations – such as the Operational Safety Ordinance or DGUV rules – must be observed. Non-compliance can be dangerous and legally problematic.
Safe operation of high-pressure cleaners requires more than technical knowledge – it requires planning, training, maintenance, and responsibility. Only when all safety aspects are considered can accident risks be effectively minimized. Operators and users share responsibility for safe use.
An RCD (residual current device) disconnects the circuit as soon as a fault current is detected – for example, due to damaged cables or moisture. This prevents severe electrical accidents, especially during outdoor or wet operations where electric shock risk is particularly high.
Approved high-pressure hoses are labeled with the maximum operating pressure, temperature range, and medium. Regularly check the hose for cracks, kinks, or bursts – especially before each use.
At minimum: safety glasses, protective gloves, and hearing protection. When working with hot media or cleaning agents, additional respiratory or face protection is recommended. PPE protects against sprayback, loud noise, and chemical vapors.
Never direct the jet at people or animals and always maintain a safe distance. The water jet can penetrate clothing and cause serious lacerations – therefore, always work carefully and with control.
Before any maintenance, disconnect the device from the power supply and release all pressure. Working on pressurized systems is life-threatening and must be strictly avoided. Use only original spare parts and follow the manufacturer’s maintenance intervals.
Generally, only from age 16 and after appropriate instruction. In training or commercial environments, additional safety measures in accordance with the Youth Employment Protection Act must be taken.
| Hazard | Possible Consequences | Recommended Protective Measure |
| High-pressure jet | Cuts, tissue damage | Maintain safety distance, use PPE, control jet direction |
| Electrical hazard | Electric shock, cardiac arrhythmia | Use RCD, dry connections, observe IP protection rating |
| Recoil force | Falls, loss of control | Stable stance, ergonomic posture |
| Chemical vapors | Irritation of skin, eyes, respiratory tract | Wear respirator, use suitable cleaning agents |
| Thermal exposure | Burns from hot media | Wear heat-resistant gloves, observe warning signs |
| Noise exposure | Hearing damage | Use hearing protection, choose low-noise devices |
| Tripping hazards in work area | Fall injuries | Secure cable routing, keep workspace tidy |